Pneumonia

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. It is caused by a variety of infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The condition can range from mild to severe and is particularly dangerous for infants, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

Causes

1. Bacterial Pneumonia:

   - Streptococcus pneumoniae: The most common cause.

   - Haemophilus influenzae.

   - Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Often responsible for "walking pneumonia.

   - Legionella pneumophila: Causes Legionnaires' disease.

2. Viral Pneumonia:

   - Influenza virus.

   - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

   - Coronaviruses: Including SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

3. Fungal Pneumonia:

   - Histoplasma capsulatum.

   - Coccidioides immitis.

   - Pneumocystis jirovecii: Especially in immunocompromised patients.

4. Parasitic Pneumonia: Less common and often seen in specific geographic regions.

 Symptoms

 

 - Common Symptom :

  - Cough (can be productive with sputum or dry).

  - Fever, chills.

  - Shortness of breath.

  - Chest pain, especially when breathing deeply or coughing.

  - Fatigue and malaise.

  - Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

  - Confusion, especially in older adults.

  - Blue-tinged lips or fingertips due to oxygen deficiency.