Uric Acid : Symptoms, Causes and more
Uric acid is a chemical produced in the body as a result of the breakdown of purines, which are found in certain foods and beverages. Normally, uric acid is dissolved in the blood and excreted through the kidneys in urine. However, when its levels become too high, it can lead to various health problems.
Symptoms of High Uric Acid (Hyperuricemia)
1. Gout (a form of arthritis):
- Sudden and severe joint pain, often in the big toe.
- Swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected joints.
- Stiffness and difficulty moving the joint.
2. Kidney Stones:
- Severe pain in the back, side, or abdomen.
- Blood in urine (hematuria).
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Frequent and painful urination.
3. Tophi Formation:
- Lumps of uric acid crystals under the skin, especially in the fingers, toes, elbows, or knees.
4. Other Symptoms:
- Chronic fatigue or malaise.
- Recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Causes of High Uric Acid
1. Dietary Factors:
- High intake of purine-rich foods such as red meat, organ meat, shellfish, and certain fish (e.g., sardines, anchovies).
- Excessive consumption of alcohol, particularly beer.
- Fructose-rich drinks like soft drinks and processed fruit juices.
2. Medical Conditions:
- Kidney dysfunction (reduced ability to excrete uric acid).
- Obesity and metabolic syndrome.
- Certain cancers and treatments like chemotherapy.
- Psoriasis and other inflammatory conditions.
3. Lifestyle Factors:
- Dehydration.
- High stress levels.
- Sedentary lifestyle.
4. Genetic Predisposition:
- Family history of gout or kidney disease.
5. Medications:
- Diuretics (water pills).
- Low-dose aspirin.
- Immunosuppressive drugs.
Complications of High Uric Acid
1. Chronic Gout: Repeated gout attacks can damage joints and lead to chronic arthritis.
2. Kidney Stones: Recurrence can cause kidney damage.
3. Cardiovascular Risks: Hyperuricemia may increase the risk of hypertension and heart disease.
4. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): High uric acid levels can worsen kidney function over time.
Management and Treatment
Lifestyle Changes:
1. Dietary Adjustments:
- Reduce intake of purine-rich foods.
- Limit alcohol and sugary drinks.
- Increase water intake to stay hydrated.
2. Weight Management:
- Achieve and maintain a healthy weight through regular exercise and balanced eating.
3. Avoid Triggering Factors:
- Minimize stress and ensure adequate sleep.
Medications:
1. Uric Acid Lowering Drugs:
- Allopurinol and Febuxostat: Reduce uric acid production.
- Probenecid: Helps the kidneys remove uric acid.
2. Pain Relief for Gout Attacks:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- Colchicine.
- Corticosteroids.
3. Medications for Kidney Stones:
- Potassium citrate or bicarbonate to alkalize urine.
---
Preventive Tips
- Drink plenty of water to flush out uric acid.
- Follow a balanced diet rich in vegetables, low-fat dairy, and whole grains.
- Avoid prolonged fasting or crash diets.
- Get regular check-ups, especially if you have a family history of gout or kidney stones.
If you suspect high uric acid levels or experience symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and management.
Tags:
Disease
